Arctic Council

by Laura Roscio Centre for Studies on Federalism, Italy

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Table of contents

1. Introduction

2. Historical development of the OSCE

2.1 The creation of the CSCE
2.2. The Helsinki Final Act
2.3. From the CSCE to the OSCE
2.4. OSCE’s activity in recent years

3. Institutional framework and decision-making procedures

3.1. Negotiating and decision-making bodies
3.1.1. OSCE Summits and Ministerial Councils
3.1.2. The Permanent Council
3.1.3. Forum for Security Cooperation (FSC)
3.2. Operational institutions
3.2.1. OSCE Secretariat
3.2.2. The Chairman-in-Office (CiO) and the Troika mechanism
3.2.3. The personal representatives of the CiO
3.2.4. The Economic and Environmental Forum
3.2.5. The Parliamentary Assembly
3.3. Specialized bodies
3.3.1. The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights
3.3.2. The High Commissioner on National Minorities
3.3.3. The Representative on the Freedom of the Media
3.4. The Court of Conciliation and Arbitration

4. Elements of democratization of the OSCE

4.1. Appointment
4.2. Democracy at the national level
4.3. Input legitimacy: the OSCE and civil society groups
4.4. Popular participation and control
4.5. Gender issues in the OSCE
4.6. A supranational organization?
4.7. Power limitation
4.8. Promotion of democracy and human rights
4.9. Output legitimacy

5. Conclusions